In a study of compositae native to the florida keys, the wood anatomy of two species of eupatorium was described carlquist, 1958. In sharp contrast to the simple anatomy of softwoods, the hardwoods of the world exhibit a dazzling array of endgrain patterns and intricate motifs. Wood anatomy of krameriaceae with comparisons with. Wood anatomy of the carmichaelia fabaceae complex in. Several wood characters appear to represent synapomorphies reflecting this relationship. An unknown hardwood sample could be just about anything under the sun, yet as each anatomical. Perhaps the most amazing examples are in the madiinae see ecological wood anatomy, especially dubautia pdf. Summary of wood anatomy of winteraceae sherwin carlquist rancho santa ana botanic garden filename. Systematic, ecological, and evolutionary aspects of dicotyledon wood. Wood anatomy of limnanthaceae and tropaeolaceae in relation to habit and phylogeny by sherwin carlquist. Pdf comparative wood anatomy of the primuloid clade ericales.
The relative paucity ofmaterials at that time necessitated thatapproach. The bark of gnetum is also very similar to that of. Only by a constant effort to transcend the limitations of glossaries can a more. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy sem studies of wood of the two. Publication date 1996 usage attributionnoncommercial 3. Missouri botanical garden, po box 299, st louis, mo631660299, usa s. Pdf wood and stem anatomy of convolvulaceae semantic scholar.
Carlquist s 1989 adaptive wood anatomy of chaparral shrubs. Pdf comparative wood anatomy of epacrids styphelioideae. Meylan and butterfield 1978, zygogynum carlquist 1981, exospermum carlquist 1982a, belliolum carlquist 1983a, bubbia carlquist 1983, and drimys s. Comparative wood anatomy systematic, ecological, and. Earlywood, with thin nerwalled tracheids, above center.
Wood anatomy provides characters that are of potential phylogenetic utility at a variety. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Plant discoveries sherwin carlquist ecological wood anatomy. Vegetative anatomy and relationships of setchellanthus. Carlquist fls santa barbara botanic garden, 1212 mission canyon road, santa barbara, ca93105, usa received may 2000. Four life forms habits are identified in the species of moringa bottle trees, sarcorhizal trees, slender trees, and tuberous shrubs which are examined for wood anatomical correlations with habit, ecology, and systematics.
Wood anatomy of aextoxicaceae and berberidopsidaceae is. This book is not concerned directly with wood identification, although ability to. Dicotyledons by metcalfe and chalk 1979, 1983 and metcalfe 1987. Jun 12, 2018 the very different evolutionary pathways of conifers and angiosperms are very informative precisely because their wood anatomy is so different. In recent dnabased cladograms of dicotyledons, aextoxicaceae one sp. Stem and root anatomical correlations with life form. A simple mathematical proof discrediting carlquists theory of paedomorphosis in dicotyledonous woods is presented. Pdf the wood anatomy of 16 of the 37 genera within the epacrids styphelioideae, ericaceae. Summary of wood anatomy of winteraceae aliso 122, 1989, pp. Vessels in radial multiples of 4 or more common 11. Features of gnetum gnemon wood are discussed in the light of ecology and conductive physiology. This tendency, although early noted by such authors as hemslev 1885, has not been explored to any appreciable extent genetically, experimentally, or even ecologically for any of the. A little information on the pattern of secondary growth and the structure of the successive cambia in the old roots of amaranthus was reported. Carlquist studied wood anatomy of the gnetophyta and was an author of many plant taxa, including species of the carnivorous plant genus drosera, the western australian genus stylidium, and the odd australian genus alexgeorgea whose female flowers are almost entirely underground.
Pdf wood anatomy of macaronesian and other brassicaceae. After his postdoctoral studies, he began his teaching career at the claremont graduate school. Data on wood of corynocarpaceae are derived from samples of three species of corynocarpus. Literature on wood anatomy of eupatorieae is very scanty. The recognition that there were different patterns in wood in different plants, as seen with the microscope, originated with grew, surely pdf. Wood anatomy of corynocarpaceae is consistent with. Accord ing to widely accepted criteria of xeromorphy, wood anatomy of the. Wood anatomy of begoniaceae, with comments on raylessness, paedomorphosis, relationships, vessel diameter, and ecology sherwin carlquist carlquist, s. But the idea that differences in wood or leaf anatomy could be correlated with the taxonomic system had to wait for a classification system that attempted to show natural relationships, such as the englerian system.
The secondary xylem is characterised by relatively narrow vessels pdf is available to subscribers only. Wood anatomy ofdubautiacarlquisf with limited data sets. One inevitably wishes more data than are available at any given time. The pairing of akaniaceae with bretschneideraceae carlquist 1996 and the inclusion of lactoridaceae in piperales carlquist 1990 are supported by wood anatomy. Wood anatomy can reflect systematic relationships very closely in some cases. Companion studies, on wood of argyro xiphium carlquist 1997 and wilkesia carl quist in press, lend perspective to the ob servations on dubautia wood. One must be cautious in the systematic use of data from wood. Sherwin john carlquist fmls born july 7, 1930 is an american botanist and photographer. Further concepts in ecological wood anatomy, with comments on. Root anatomy of some species of amaranthus amaranthaceae. Successive cambia occur in 11 of the genera studied. Until recently, aextoxicaceae had been placed in euphorbiales, berberidopsidaceae in violales.
Wood anatomy of calyceraceae, with reference to ecology, habit, and systematic relationships. Large patches of axial parenchyma occur in many of these. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading comparative wood anatomy. Abstracf quantitative and qualitative features of wood and stem anatomy are presented for 44 collections of 16 genera and 35 species ofconvolvulaceae. California, was studied by means of sections and macerations. Wood, bark and stem anatomy of new world species of gnetum. Pdf on jan 1, 1984, sherwin carlquist and others published wood anatomy of polemoniaceae find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Plant discoveries sherwin carlquist systematic wood anatomy. Vegetative anatomy of the new caledonian endemic amborella trichopoda. Carlquist s 1988 book on compara tive wood anatomy. New information from anatomy, comparative wood physiology, and comparative ultrastructure can be combined to provide evidence for the role of axial and ray parenchyma in the two groups. Diagnostically illustrated with light and scanning electron micrographs, comparative wood anatomy lucidly introduces dicotyledon wood in terms of cell types and their variations, pertinent literature, taxonomic distribution of features, terminology, and methods for preparation. Pdf the wood structure of 78 species from 27 genera representing the. Richly illustrated with light and scanning electron micrographs, comparative wood anatomy clearly introduces dicotyledon wood in terms of cell types and their variations, pertinent literature, taxonomic dis tribution of features, terminology, and methods for prepara tion.
The data from comparative wood anatomy appeal to me as vital sources of hypotheses and of materials for testing of hypotheses natural experiments in ecological wood anatomy have produced compelling patterns. Systematic, ecological, and evolutionary aspects of. Despite the tremendous bulk of their stems, only a relatively thin layer of tissue between the bark and the wood is actually alive and continues to produce new layers of wood throughout the life of the tree. Solereder 1885, 1908 and metcalfe and chalk 1950 have offered scattered observations on certain species of eupatorium and ageratum. Comparative wood anatomy sherwin carlquist springer. However, study of additional species of the family, leading to a survey of the shrubs and woody herbs with respect to wood anatomy, had not been contemplated. A summary, with comments on factors controlling wood evolution, aliso. Carlquist, sherwin 1966 wood anatomy of compositae. Carlquist 1977a including remarks on the ecological wood. Wood anatomy of eight liana species of leguminosae family from atlantic rain forest article in acta botanica brasilica 222. Vegetative anatomy and relationships ofsetchellanthus of setchellanthus. The paper by bailey 1944 on wood anatomy ofwinteraceae is essentially a survey at the family level, with little attention to generic or specific features.
Wood anatomy woody trees such as the giant sequoia of california and the blue gum of australia are among the worlds largest organisms. Wood anatomy of six species of zygophyllaceae including both genera of morkillioideae is compared with that of krameriaceae because recent phylogenies propose that these two families comprise the order zygophyllales. Markedly furrowed xylem characterizes the genera of tribe cresseae. Carlquist did a postdoctoral study at harvard university from 1955 to 1956. The absence of vessels at the end of a growth ring has been cited carlquist. Jun 28, 2008 sherwin carlquist, wood, bark and stem anatomy of new world species of. Article in iawa journal international association of wood anatomists 332. Systematic, ecological, and evolutionary aspects of dicotyledon wood springer series in wood science kindle edition by carlquist, sherwin. The tendency for herbaceous families of dicotyledons to be represented on insular areas by species and genera more markedly woody than their continental relatives is exemplified by the family brassicaceae. Wood anatomy of polemoniaceae sherwin carlquist, vincent m. He received his undergraduate degree from the university of california, berkeley in 1952 and a ph. Definitions of character states in woods are softer than generally assumed, and more complex for workers to interpret. The very different evolutionary pathways of conifers and angiosperms are very informative precisely because their wood anatomy is so different.
Wood anatomy of myrsinaceae showing breakdown areas in rays, vessel perforations, and vessel pitting. Jun 28, 2008 sherwin carlquist, wood and bark anatomy of gnetum gnemon l. Rancho santa ana botanic garden and department of biology. Systematic, ecological, and evolutionary aspects of dicotyledon wood by prof. Stem and root anatomical correlations with life form diversity, ecology, and systematics in moringa moringaceae m. Gnetales, which are essentially conifers with vessels, have. Wood anatomy of corynocarpaceae is consistent with placement in cucurbitales. Sherwin carlquist, wood and bark anatomy of gnetum gnemon l.
Stem and root anatomical correlations with life form diversity, ecology, and systematics in. Wood of 207 species, representing all 178 woody genera of the munz flora of southern. The wood anatomy of the chenopodiaceae is distinctive and fairly uniform. The paper that began ecological wood anatomy, the 1966 wood anatomy of compositae. Wood anatomy of corynocarpaceae is consistent with cucurbitalean placement. The wood structure of the four segregate families is in general agreement with their suggested putative relatives, but the occurrence of lianas versus erect trees and shrubs is a confusing factor. Wood anatomy of fouquieriaceae in relation to habit.